Vitamins are organic compounds vital to life and indispensable to body functions, needed in minute amounts. They are involved in many biochemical reactions, its shortage leads to deterioration of health. Most vitamins are not synthesized in body except: Vit. D, K, Biotin, B12, Vit. A, niacin.
Vitamins are classified into two categories: Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble.
Fat-Soluble vitamins are:
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
Water-Soluble vitamins are:
- Thiamin (B1)
- Riboflavin (B2)
- Niacin (B3)
- Folate (B9)
- Vitamin (B12)
- Vitamin (B6)
- Biotin (B7)
- Pantothenic acid (B5)
Fat-Soluble vitamins are absorbed into the lymph, since they are not soluble in water; they are present in fat, thus can be stored in adipose tissue. Some can build up to toxic concentrations. The deficiency symptoms are slow to develop and they are not absolutely necessary in every day diet. Moreover, fat-soluble vitamins are not lost in cooking water. However, if any deficiency occurs such as mutation, many malfunctions in vision, immune defenses, maintenance of body linings and skin, bone body growth, normal cell development and reproduction would appear.
Water-Soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into blood stream, most are not stored to any great extent, the excess is excreted in urine. There is lower risk of toxicity than fat-soluble vitamins because extremely high doses are needed for toxicity. Deficiency symptoms often develop rapidly. They must be supplied in diet everyday. Easily dissolved and lost in cooking water.